颞下颌关节骨关节病术后不同辅助治疗效果评价

目的    评价颞下颌关节骨关节病（temporomandibular joint osteoarthrosis，TMJOA）术后不同辅助治疗方法的临床效果，为术后康复治疗提供参考。方法    选取2015年6月至2021年11月于中国医科大学附属口腔医院口腔颌面外科行颞下颌关节盘松解复位固定手术的191例TMJOA患者进行回顾性分析。术后行牙合垫治疗+常规功能训练的63例患者记为牙合垫组，行几丁糖关节腔内注射治疗+常规功能训练的57例患者记为注射组，仅行常规功能训练的71例患者记为对照组。对3组患者治疗前后的疼痛视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分、最大张口度、下颌运动分、肌肉压诊分进行比较分析。结果    治疗前，3组各项评价指标比较，差异均无统计学意义（均P > 0.05）。治疗后3个月，3组各项评价指标总的比较，差异均有统计学意义（均P < 0.05）；关于VAS评分、下颌运动分、肌肉压诊分方面，分值由低至高依次为注射组、牙合垫组、对照组，而最大张口度由大至小依次为注射组、牙合垫组、对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）；且3组各项评价指标结果均明显优于治疗前（均P < 0.05）。结论    TMJOA患者行颞下颌关节盘松解复位固定手术后采取适当辅助治疗和功能训练均能显著改善颞下颌关节功能，其中几丁糖关节腔内注射治疗结合常规功能训练的效果较佳。     

浅谈脑梗死的中医病因病机与中医药治疗近况

脑梗死是缺血性卒中之一,随着人口老龄化发展趋势,目前已越居我国居民致残和死亡的首要病因。中医药治疗脑梗死有着重要特色和优势,目前在医学领域中仍占着不可动摇的地位,现就针对古代医家及近现代医家对中风病中医病因病机认识,以及中医药治疗方面针对经典方、经验方、中成药、中医外治等方面进行总结综述。     

阴道顺产与剖宫产对初产妇产后早期盆底功能的影响比较

目的研究阴道顺产与剖宫产对初产妇产后早期盆底功能的影响。方法选择2020年1月至12月在阳春市人民医院产科中心分娩的120例初产妇展开研究,按照分娩方式的不同分为对照组与观察组,每组各60例。对照组为阴道顺产,观察组采用剖宫产,两组均在产后第6周进行早期盆底功能检查,并进行盆底康复治疗,比较两组的治疗效果。结果观察组的尿失禁、阴道脱垂、子宫脱垂发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组治疗后的盆底肌力分级情况优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组治疗后的膀胱颈与耻骨联合下缘水平线间的垂直距离(BSD)高于对照组,膀胱尿道后角(RA)、膀胱颈移动度(BND)低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论阴道顺产对于盆底功能及盆腔结构的不良影响大于剖宫产,盆底功能障碍性疾病发生率更高,而康复治疗可有效改善阴道顺产、剖宫产初产妇的盆底功能,剖宫产初产妇的盆底功能恢复更好。     

超声引导下辅助诊断和治疗冻结肩的研究进展

冻结肩是常见的肩部疾病,传统非可视化治疗冻结肩效果欠佳。近年来,超声引导具有动态实时定位、无辐射、便携性、低成本等优点在辅助诊断和治疗冻结肩患者中得到成功应用,不仅能提供精确的诊断,也提高了患者中长期的疗效。本文就超声引导辅助诊断和治疗冻结肩的研究进展进行综述。     

Diagnosis of pituitary abscess and treatment via transsphenoidal surgery: experience from 15 cases

ObjectivePituitary abscess is an often misdiagnosed, rare clinical disorder. To improve diagnostic accuracy and the efficacy of surgical and antibiotic therapy for patients with pituitary abscess, herein, we retrospectively reviewed 15 patients who presented with pituitary abscesses from 2005 to 2022.DesignRetrospective study.PatientsFifteen patients underwent transsphenoidal surgery and received antibiotic treatment.MeasurementsComplete details regarding medical history, clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, imaging studies, and treatment strategies were obtained for all patients.ResultsMost patients presented with hypopituitarism and headaches, while some presented with fever, visual disturbances, and diabetes insipidus (DI). Abscesses showed significant annular enhancement post gadolinium injection. In most patients, pituitary abscess can be cured via microscopic or endoscopic drainage of the abscess followed by antibiotic treatment. Complete cure of pituitary abscess was observed in nine patients, with six cases of prolonged hypopituitarism and only one case of recurrence. Long-term hormone replacement therapy was effective in the postoperative management of hypopituitarism.ConclusionsThe typical manifestations of pituitary abscess include hypopituitarism and headaches; the presence of an enhanced ring at the edge of the mass on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance images (MRI) is highly suggestive of pituitary abscess. We recommend antibiotic treatment for 4–6 weeks postoperatively, based on the results of bacterial cultures or metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS).